The immune system is a complex network of organs, cells, and proteins that act as the body’s defense mechanism against diseases and infections. The system —the innate immune system that people are born with and the adaptive immune system, which develops due to exposure to toxins and microbes. Both parts work together to keep infection-causing germs and toxins. So, weak immunity can make the body susceptible to diseases and other health issues.

High stress levels
The American Psychological Association suggests that chronic stress weakens the immune system. This is because stress lowers the number of white blood cells (i.e., lymphocytes) in the body that fight infections, increasing the risk of infections such as the common cold.

Persistent cold
Most adults develop two to three colds per year, which usually last from 7 to 10 days. During this period, the immune system forms antibodies to fight the virus. However, if one keeps catching a cold or is dealing with common cold symptoms for a long time, it could be a sign of weak immunity.

Slow-healing wounds
When one develops a cut or a wound, the body immediately goes into damage control mode to stop any bleeding and regenerate skin. Immune cells in the body guide this process. However, when dealing with a weakened immune system, wounds take longer to heal. This can make one more susceptible to infections as well.

Frequent infections
Those with a lowered immunity are at a higher risk of contracting infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, bronchitis, and skin infections. They are also more likely to experience autoimmune disorders, organ inflammation, blood disorders such as anemia, and growth and developmental delays. According to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, some signs of weak immunity include:

– Having more than four ear infections in a year
– Developing pneumonia twice within a year
– Dealing with chronic sinusitis or more than three episodes of bacterial sinusitis in a year

Fatigue
If one constantly feels tired despite getting enough sleep, it may be a sign of weak immunity. Fatigue develops when the body is trying to conserve energy to fight infections.

Gastrointestinal issues
Experiencing frequent bouts of gas, diarrhea, or constipation could be a sign of weak immunity. According to experts, about 70% of the immune system is located in the digestive tract. Beneficial bacteria thrive here to protect the gut from infections and boost immunity. However, low levels of gut bacteria could make one susceptible to viruses, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune disorders.

Cold hands
Inflammation in the blood vessels can make it difficult for the fingers, toes, ears, and nose to keep warm. This may make them turn white and then blue due to the cold. This is known as Raynaud’s syndrome. Here, skin color tends to return to normal once blood flow returns.

Dry eyes
A common symptom of autoimmune disorders is dry eyes, where one experiences a sandy, gritty sensation in the eyes. It may also lead to pain, redness, a stringy discharge, or blurred vision.

Mild fever
When the body’s immune system is overworked, it may cause overheating or a fever. A mild fever may also be a sign of an infection or, for those living with an autoimmune disease, a warning sign of a flare-up.

Headaches
Headaches could also be a signal of a compromised immune system. In some cases, it may be a symptom of vasculitis, or inflammation of the blood vessels, that is caused due to weakened immunity.

Rashes
Skin health is often an indicator of good immunity, as it is the body’s first line of defense against infections. Itchy, red skin or the appearance of painful rashes that take a while to clear up may be a sign of inflammation and a weakened immune system.

Joint ache
Inflammation in the body may cause pain in the joints and surrounding areas. The joints may also feel stiff or swollen. Weak immunity increases the risk of such discomfort.

Patchy hair loss
A weakened or compromised immune system may begin to attack hair follicles. Losing hair on the scalp, face, and other parts of the body may be a sign of an autoimmune disorder known as alopecia areata. Additionally, losing hair in clumps could be a sign of lupus.

Photodermatitis
Those with a compromised immune system are more susceptible to developing an allergic reaction to ultraviolet rays—a condition known as photodermatitis. For instance, exposure to the sun may cause blisters, rashes, or scaly patches. One may also experience chills, headaches, and nausea.

Tingling sensation in the hands and feet
When the immune system begins to attack the nerves that send signals to the muscles, it may cause a tingling sensation in the hands and feet. Most often, however, this feeling is benign and temporary.

Tips for boosting immunity
If one begins to notice some of the abovementioned signs, it may be time to strengthen the immune system. Making the following lifestyle changes and introducing new habits can help boost immunity:

• Getting 7 to 9 hours of sleep daily
• Exercising regularly

• Maintaining a healthy eating plan that is rich in fruits and vegetables. Additionally, one should adopt the following practices:
  
  – Washing all fruits and vegetables before peeling them
  – Avoiding undercooking meats, fish, and eggs
  – Refrigerating food promptly
  – Choosing pasteurized juices and dairy products instead of unpasteurized options

• Minimizing stress by practicing yoga or meditation techniques, getting a massage, pursuing hobbies, and/or staying in touch with loved ones who can offer support
• Washing hands frequently with soap and water. The CDC recommends washing hands at the following times:
  
  – Before, during, and after preparing meals
  – Before eating
  – After blowing the nose, sneezing, or coughing
  – Before and after treating a cut or an open skin wound
  – Following contact with someone unwell
  – After changing a diaper
  – After using or helping someone use the bathroom
  – After touching an animal or animal food or waste
  – After touching the garbage